Nursing Education

Protestant Reformation :: Religion History

Protestant Reformation In the sixteenth century the Protestant Reformation separated the Roman Catholic Church. This change was driven by Martin Luther whose unique expectations were to change the congregation, however brought about a split among Protestant and Catholic. Before long the Protestant Church itself partitioned bringing about two additional places of worship, one Protestant, and the other changed church. The Reformed Church is otherwise called Presbyterian, whose prominent pioneer was John Calvin. John Calvin had numerous convictions which had been embraced by the Presbyterian Church. His thoughts were changed from those in the Catholic Church. Presbyterians do have confidence in the Trinity as Catholics do yet vary from Catholicism when managing thoughts like unique sin, salvation, and the possibility of atonement. Presbyterians accept that unique sin is established in irresoluteness which carried man to fall. The possibility of salvation to Presbyterians is that salvation is reached through the finesse of God, established in the profound confidence of an individual. Catholics have confidence in compensation for sins through compromise. Presbyterians accept that atonement is managed legitimately with God. At last, Presbyterians accept that God’s truth was and is encapsulated in Jesus Christ, Lord, and Friend in need. One of Calvin’s convictions incorporated that of which God will be God of state and country and the state must be guided by his promise. This thought is encapsulated in the possibility of common government. The Presbyterian government was initially formen when John Calvin was in Geneva. In a Presbyterian type of government there are four distinct officials. There are ministers, instructors, 12 chosen older folks, and elders. The older folks are believed to be equivalent to the pastorate. Through this administration the Presbyterian faith in complete existence of the network is shown and incorporated. The Presbyterian meaning of a holy observance is an outward sign by which the Lord speaks to and affirms his cooperative attitude towards us. A holy observance is a declaration of God’s effortlessness. Presbyterians recognize two holy observances. One is Baptism, and the other Eucharist. Absolution is an image of purifying, pardoning of unique sin permanetly, and makes every one of us share in the passing and restoration of Jesus Christ. It makes us one with God. The holy observance of the Eucharist is a memory of Christ’s demise and an admission of confidence.

Strategies for Significantly Reducing Employee Churn

Strategies for Significantly Reducing Employee Churn Employees in the modern world don’t tend to stick around with a single company throughout their careers. Whilst there are many reasons for employees departing ways with an organization, high employee churn rate can be detrimental for a business. © Shutterstock | EpicStockMediaIn this guide, we’ll explore why organizations should actively work to reduce the employee churn rate and explore the reasons behind it. We’ll also tell you  how to analyze and assess the churn rate, and present five effective strategies for reducing employee churn.WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO REDUCE EMPLOYEE CHURN RATE?Employee churn rate, which refers to the number of employees leaving the organization and being replaced by a new employee, is a serious issue for many of today’s companies.In fact, the first reason organizations should care about the rate is simply down to it happening often in most companies and industries.Life Work Solutions’, a company providing retention and consulting services, research found in 2008, that half of recruits across sectors leave the organization within two years. One in four recruits pack their backs within six months. Furthermore, the study found around 70% of organizations struggling to replace these spots swift ly.The second essential factor in caring about the employee churn rate relates directly to the above. High employee churn rate and the difficulties in finding replacement also mean high costs for the organization.Right Management, a career and talent consulting firm, found in its research that it costs nearly three times an employee’s salary to replace them. In another similar study, the Center for American Progress found it costs 1/5 of the annual salary of the employee. In fact, in the Life Work Solutions study, 70% of the organizations didn’t only complain about the struggle of finding a replacement, but also the negative financial impact it has on them.What are the costs associated to employee churn?Finding the new recruit â€" Including hiring a recruitment company, spending money on setting applications, etc.Severance â€" In certain instances, the organization might be required to pay severance to the employee.Losses in productivity â€" While the organization is looking for a replacement, it might suffer from decreased productivity.Lost opportunities â€" The employee might have been highly talented and this can be a financial lost opportunity, for instance.Training the new recruit â€" Whether the organization transfers someone to the new role within the company or hires someone new, the training process will add extra costs.Finally, higher levels of employee churn can pose an operational challenge for the organization. Continuous changes in the workforce can affect the company culture, which can suffer consequently. It’s difficult to build a good team if the turnover is high. Furthermore, the overall morale of the remaining employees might drop if people around them are leaving. If they need to also take on additional responsibilities, then productivity and morale can be further impacted.In service industries, high churn rate can also impact client relationships. Building a strong relationship is harder if the manager of the relationship is constant ly changing.Read this worldwide trend report on employee retention.[slideshare id=13519368doc=worldwidetrendsinemployeeretention-120702131700-phpapp01type=dw=640h=330]WHAT ARE THE CAUSES FOR HIGH EMPLOYEE CHURN?There are numerous reasons for higher employee churn. Certain causes are easier to manage, but there are also those, which can be difficult to control.The hard to manage reasons for high employee churn rate include:Harsh economic conditions in the area or the industry.Local labor market conditions.Both of these can be difficult to predict and therefore, organizations can find it hard to manage or prevent them.But certain operational factors also influence the employee churn rate and can be managed by a company.Non-rewarding job positions â€" Employees might feel pressure to leave for a more rewarding role.No route for career development â€" Employees don’t feel the organization offers the ability to ‘climb up the ladder’.Poor working conditions â€" Health and safety con cerns are not taken seriously by the organization and this can damage employee relations.Ill-natured role â€" The employee might also feel discouraged if the job is monotonous, dangerous or outright stressful.Poor employee and organization fit â€" Sometimes the employee and the organization just don’t have the same goals and work ethic.Poor communication or inadequate job training  â€" Inadequate communication within the organization can lead to loss of morale and if the employee is not properly trained for the role, they can also seek opportunities elsewhere.Poor leadership â€" It’s also important to examine the leadership and management style and culture within the organization, if turnover is high.Finally, it must be mentioned competition can also lead to increases in employee churn rate. If competitors offer better compensation packages or better career opportunities, employees might seek for positions in these organizations instead. It is important to stay on top of the com petition in order to keep the best employees within your organization.FIRST STEP TO DECREASE EMPLOYEE CHURN RATE: ANALYSE YOUR CURRENT SITUATIONBefore we examine the individual strategies your organization can implement to reduce employee churn, you first need to understand the current situation within your company. Understanding the current employee churn rate, as well as its effects, will make it easier to tackle them.There are three questions you must answer in order to understand your need for action.1. How high is your employee churn rate?You must first assess and measure the company’s churn rate and situation. The churn rate can be calculated by dividing the annual termination number by the average number of employees in the organization.For a more detailed take on the calculation, check the below video tutorial: The higher the churn rate, the bigger your problem. The severity of the rate depends a bit on your industry, as well as the other points discussed below, but you de finitely don’t want it to be above industry or the national average. For example, in the UK, the average churn rate is around 15% a year, but some industries might have higher churn averages.Once you know the churn rate, you should start examining the reasons behind it. Is it something specific within the organization making employees leave?2. What are the costs of your employee churn rate?Once you know the churn rate, you should calculate the cost of employee turnover. You need to look at your organization specifically and include any costs necessary for the calculation.For example, you need to count the cost of different strategies you might use to reduce the rate. If you increase employee benefits, then these need to be considered as part of the cost of employee churn rate.3. How can you decrease/prevent employee churn rate?Finally, you need to start considering the different ways to decrease and prevent employee churn rate. The above points will help you get started, as you un derstand the depth of the issue and the costs associated with it.Developing the right employee retention strategies involves an understanding of the company culture and often requires small or big changes within the organisation. Below we’ll provide you with five different strategies, which can all help reduce employee churn rate.FIVE STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING EMPLOYEE CHURNLet’s now examine some of the most effective strategies used for keeping employees happy and wanting to remain in your organization.Strategy 1: Hire the right fitOne of the easiest ways to stop employees leaving is to ensure they are the right fit for the company in the first place. Therefore, you can significantly reduce your churn rate by focusing more on the recruitment process.It’s important to clearly define the role and position you are recruiting for. You shouldn’t just focus on the required skill set, but the kind of candidate that would excel in this role. Aim to talk about the benefits to the cand idate as well, since you want the right candidates to apply. You need to explain the company culture and the vision to ensure it matches the candidate’s career goals.The recruitment process shouldn’t focus too much on skill testing. A proper recruitment process should instead include the following components:Behavior-based testingCompetency testingBackground checkOrganizational fit analysisFuture development analysisMotivational and goal oriented approachFurthermore, it’s beneficial to use trial periods on most roles, as they help you further assess the compatibility. This is not only beneficial to your organization, but also helps the candidate see whether they enjoy the role or not. Trial period will be less costly, even if the candidate decides to leave, than hiring someone and having him or her quit within a year.Finally, employee referrals should be a key tool in your recruitment process. Jobvite’s research shows HR executives consider referrals as the top source of qua lity hires. In addition, referral hires are proven more loyal, with 46% of referrals staying for over three years or more. For new hires from job boards, the rate is only 14%.Strategy 2: Improve career development and trainingYour organization also needs to continually motivate and challenge its employees. Improved career development and training can help employees feel more valued in their role. It can also give them a more positive outlook about future prospects. For example, training can tell the employee you are investing in them for the long haul.These training sessions and development plans are good at creating an environment of ‘looking towards the future’. The skills the employees gain feel important and they have a specific purpose and need in the future within your organization.The following slides will some basic insights on developing employees.[slideshare id=32823092doc=trainingdevelopment-140327143238-phpapp02w=640h=330]But training also has the important role of e nsuring the job doesn’t become too difficult for the employee. It provides support for the employee, as they feel they don’t have to solve new problems or challenges alone.Positive feedback should be part of your career development objectives as well. It is crucial to continuously communicate with the employee about their role and to do so in a constructive and supportive manner. You definitely shouldn’t only provide feedback when the employee does something wrong. In fact, it’s important to reward good behavior and support successes, even the smallest achievements.One auspicious strategy to consider is the implementation of a mentoring program. The mentoring program is a great way to provide support and create a goal-oriented feedback structure.Strategy 3: Focus on happy and flexible work cultureAn organization with an unhappy work culture is unlikely going to retain its employees. Even if the role is rewarding, the communication between co-workers and the general atmospher e at the company do play a major role in keeping employees motivated and excited to come to work.It’s crucial to guarantee the work culture is respectful and supportive. Everyone should feel welcomed in the workplace and equal in terms of the respect they enjoy.The focus of creating a positive work culture should be in:Establishing effective communication strategies. Information should flow easily between different departments and within a team. Employees at all levels should also have a clear channel to raise concerns without the fear of punishment.Providing enough support, especially during challenging times. Every organization will face difficulties and employees can face challenges in their personal lives. There should always be enough support available during challenges to guarantee the employee doesn’t feel alone.Creating a friendly and respectful work environment for all. Today’s companies include people from all walks of life â€" Workforce is often a mixture of men, wo men, young, old, and different ethnicities and religions also meet up at the workplace. It is essential to ensure there is no discrimination or bullying within the organization.Valuing employee effort adequately. This doesn’t simply refer to financial rewards, but also to a culture of positive feedback and praise.Your organization should also embrace flexibility. A flexible work environment is much less likely to leave employees feeling burnt out. Employees are also much more likely to stay in flexible work environment rather than work in an inflexible company.When you are transforming your organizations work environment, pay attention to the following points:Offer the option of flexible working hours whenever possible.Provide employees with the ability to occasionally work from home (if possible).Create a flexible holiday plan, which allows employees a bigger voice in deciding when they take a leave.Discuss work/life balance issues within the workplace and provide additional supp ort for employee’s who are struggling:This could be the option to share certain tasks with others.Receive medical help and consultation.Become a family friendly employer by offering different perks like:Corporate kindergarten, if your organization is big enough.Family flexible holidays around the time school holidays are.Proper parental leave options for both mothers and fathers.A study by the Boston College Center for Work Family found that 80% employees felt flexible workplace has positively affected retention rates. In another study, almost 40% of American adults surveyed said they have considered or left a job due to inflexibility.Strategy 4: Provide appropriate compensation and benefitsNaturally, there should also be enough focus on the financial compensation. Whilst a flexible and supportive work culture can be a great start for keeping employees happy, you also need to ensure the role is financially satisfying. Employees might find leaving a great work culture behind harde r, but if competitors are offering a lot more money, the better earnings potential might seal the deal.When considering the financial compensation, keep these two points in mind:Always aim to pay above the minimum wage. Employees will find it hard to stay motivated if they struggle financially, even though they put a lot of effort into the work they do.Consider competition as a benchmark. If your competition pays better, your best employees are more likely to leave.In addition, you should consider providing other long-term incentives for talented employees. These could be in the form of bonuses and different profit-sharing plans. Remember to regularly assess and adjust the compensation package to ensure you stay ahead of competition.Furthermore, financial compensation should also come in the form of different benefits and non-cash perks.For instance, you should offer appropriate health and welfare plans for the employees, including an adequate retirement plan. Other perks could be h elp with childcare or even house care. You could also offer different loyalty programs for travel or fitness schemes.Strategy 5: Embrace the wider communityFinally, your organization can reduce employee churn rate by being an active member of the wider community. Employees respect companies, which are focused on the common good and embracing a positive attitude towards helping local community groups.Your company should allow employees to partake in voluntary events, as this can improve the wider employee culture. For example, different voluntary events could include the families and local neighborhoods, which can help create a larger sense of belonging to a family.Embracing the wider community shows the employee that the company is doing something good. This can in return make them feel more appreciated. Corporate social responsibility can ensure employees don’t feel they are just a member of a faceless corporation, but an active member of a company, which is trying to achieve som ething positive.IN CONCLUSIONEmployee churn rate is something companies in today’s competitive business environment need to take seriously. Not only can high levels of employee churn result in knowledge and talent drainage, it can also have a dire financial effect on the company.It is therefore essential to properly understand the organizations churn rate and evaluate the reasons behind it. Organizations should focus on proactive strategies, which help create a more flexible and positive work culture and provide adequate support and financial compensation to their employees.By applying these strategies, companies can actively tackle the problems of employee churn.

Prayer and Religion in School Essay - 1055 Words

Religion and prayer can benefit students in educational settings by positively contributing to better grades and behavior. Personal faith and prayer are important to people in many walks of life. Some individuals believe that this need for religious stimulation includes the youth in our school systems. There are different reasons why knowledge of religion and prayer can be important to students. For example, if students do not know about diverse faiths, it can be difficult for them to have a well-rounded knowledge and understanding of other cultures. There are oppositional sides to this issue as well. Some people believe that prayer in educational settings could be used as a way to persuade students into believing certain things that they†¦show more content†¦Some teachers may have a personal bias against certain faiths or religion in general. These problems can be dealt with. According to this article, â€Å"To address the challenge of teaching about religion without pros elytizing, we must explore the assumptions and causes underlying each set of factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Passe, J., Willox, L. 2009). We should ask ourselves what lies beneath the problems of teaching religion. We should look to see if prejudice and impartiality are factors motivating against religious teachings. Achieving high grades and doing well in school has previously been attributed to knowledge of Biblical learning. In his article â€Å"The relationship between Biblical literacy, academic achievement, and school behavior†¦,† William Jeynes talks about how a study was completed by 160 students who were grades 7th through 12th. The student’s Biblical knowledge was tested. The end results proved to be that the students with the highest level of Biblical knowledge also had the highest grade point averages and portrayed the best behavior of students from both public and Christian schools (p. 102-106). Learning courses specializing in religion can foster open-mindedness, cultural appreciation and improve behavior among students. Students may be more apt to accept differences in people around them, and portray a positive attitude when they have access to learning about diverse religions. In the article â€Å"How teaching world religionsShow MoreRelated No Religion or School Prayer in Public Schools Essay3018 Words   |  13 PagesConstitution was adopted, the separation of church and state issue focused on preventing a government mandated religion (Davis 245). The framers of the Constitution knew first hand the harmful consequences of a government that has complete control over religion. Protecting the religious freedoms of the various religions seeking refuge in America also raised great concern. Each religion s hould be given the same rights when practicing their beliefs. For these reasons, the First Amendment of hteRead More Religion and School Prayer in Public Schools Essays1853 Words   |  8 Pagespractice the same religion, Americas first legislators made certain that government intervention in religious matters was prohibited. Therefore, religious freedom was ensured in the First Amendment to the Constitution, as it states, Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . . (Whitehead, Rights 49). This statement allowed Americans to f reely express and practice or chose not to practice a religion. The two distinct partsRead More Religion and Prayer in Public Schools Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesReligion in Public Schools    The practice of religion has been a major factor in American culture for centuries. The religion clause of the First Amendment, which states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, was developed to preserve the freedom of religion (Haynes 2). The religion clause was designed to protect religion from the control of the government, but, consequently, it restricts the expression of religionRead More Religion and Prayer Must Not be Permitted in Public School Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pagesthe inability to practice a desired religion or not to practice one at all. Since the newly formed country was made up of people from more than one religious background, the government had to come up with a way to accommodate all of its citizens. Understanding the countrys diversity, the writers of the Constitution of the United States of America included in the First Amendment the words, Congress shall make no law respect ing the establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise therofRead MoreThe Constitutionality of Prayer in Public Schools Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesMany people agree against prayer in public schools, while others think that people should be able to express their religion in their own ways. In public schools, they are not allowed to hold prayers at all during the school day due to the mixed religion students that are attending the school. Over the past few years, this has become an extremely controversial issue in our nation. Many people find it proper to pray in school but many people also agree that it is extremely wrong and that if thereRead MoreThe Issue of School Prayer1009 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of school prayer has been a thorny one in the United States for many years now. In the beginning of the nineteenth century readings of the Bible and prayer were common practices in public schools. However prayer was banned in 1962 due to claims that it was viol ating the First Amendment right that the government was not allowed to support religion, and from then on the Supreme Court has ruled against any and all forms of prayer in schools. Schools cannot however ban students from prayingRead MorePosition Paper1680 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Paper Introduction Looking back over the past two hundred and seven years, every session of the United States Senate has been opened with a prayer. Doing so has reaffirmed the Senates faith that God is the Sovereign Lord of our Nation. Barry C. Black currently serves as the spiritual advisor and counselor for the United States Senate with the title of Chaplin. Over the years, this position has ranged from part time, to now a full time position (United States Senate, 2011). EverRead MoreRuling Out School Prayer1276 Words   |  6 Pagespeople argue that school prayer is needed in schools, but I think that it is not necessary. I believe that it is not necessary to have prayer during school to please people of one religion. If a person can pray to him/herself, then there is no need for a public prayer. It has already been established in the constitution that school prayer has been banned and it should remain that way. In my opinion it should remain unconstitutional because it interferes with other student’s religion, the intention forRead MoreEssay on Prayer Should Be Allowed in Public Schools1727 Words   |  7 PagesPrayer Should Be Allowed in Public Schools School prayer is a very controversial issue in today’s society. The issue of school prayer is about whether the public school systems should let the students pray, at the start of the school day, as a class. The issue of school prayer began in the late sixteenth century when people in England did not approve of the way one religion was forced upon them, so the Puritans, known as the Pilgrims decided to come to the colonies. Even in the colonies theRead MoreThe Argument Of The First Amendment878 Words   |  4 Pagesfreedoms such as freedom of religion, freedom of the press, free expression, freedom of association, and freedom of assembly (Michigan State University)†. So with the first amendment preventing against government intrusions on religion could a football coach at a public high school lead the players in prayer before a game? Well the answer is no, it is against the law for schools to sponsor or endorse speech. Therefore a coach is not allowed to engage in a ny activity that the school itself is forbidden from

Correlation Between Target / Filter Combinations - 1648 Words

Introduction Currently, in the United Kingdom breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and early diagnosis is the key to reducing mortality rates (Skaane et al, 2007). The National Health Service breast screening programme introduced digital mammography as the preferred option due to its increased sensitivity and specificity for denser breasts. Additionally, it has the ability to manipulate the images produced (NHSBSP, 2012). The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between target/filter combinations, kilovoltage (kV), radiation dose and image quality using a mammographic phantom which is currently used for the quality assurance programme in the breast imaging department. Digital x-ray technologies†¦show more content†¦As the kV is reduced, scattered radiation is less penetrating. Therefore radiation dose to other radiosensitive organs can be reduced. However the skin radiation dose can increase as the kV is reduced (Allisy- Roberts and Williams, 2008). So by taking images at a higher kV should give a low contrast image which may not show the low density structures within the breast phantom. If the kV is increased it is expected there are more photons reaching the detector resulting in an over exposed image which may possibly obscure small areas of micro calcifications and low density masses. However, digital mammography can compensate to some extent for over exposure. On the other hand over exposure should be avoided to comply with the ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) principles (DoH, 2012). Filter material Filter materials in mammography are made of molybdenum or rhodium. The purpose of filters is to let through the useful photons and to absorb unwanted low and high energy photons so that they stop reaching the image detector thus contributing to the formulation of the radiographic image (Bushberg et al, 2002). With the use of filters there is an increase in the quality of x-ray beam but a reduction in the intensity (Ball and Price, 1995). Therefore filtration is necessary but photons from the low end of spectrum if they are not

Foundation Course in Science and Technology Free Essays

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE BaBUR The foundation of the empire was laid in 1526 by ahir al-Din Mu? ammad Babur, a Chagatai Turk (so called because his ancestral homeland, the country north of the Amu Darya [Oxus River] in Central Asia, was the heritage of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan). Babur was a fifth-generation descendant of Timur on the side of his father and a 14th-generation descendant of Genghis Khan. His idea of conquering India was inspired, to begin with, by the story of the exploits of Timur, who had invaded the subcontinent in 1398. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation Course in Science and Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Babur inherited his father’s principality in Fergana at a young age, in 1494. Soon he was literally a fugitive, in the midst of both an internecine fight among the Timurids and a struggle between them and the rising Uzbeks over the erstwhile Timurid empire in the region. In 1504 he conquered Kabul and Ghazni. In 1511 he recaptured Samarkand, only to realize that, with the formidable ? afavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, he should rather turn to the southeast toward India to have an empire of his own. As a Timurid, Babur had an eye on the Punjab, part of which had been Timur’s possession. He made several excursions in the tribal habitats there. Between 1519 and 1524—when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot, and Lahore—he showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan, where the political scene favoured his adventure. Conquest Of Hindustan Having secured the Punjab, Babur advanced toward Delhi, garnering support from many Delhi nobles. He routed two advance parties of Ibrahim Lodi’s troops and met the sultan’s main army at Panipat. The Afghans fought bravely, but they had never faced new artillery, and their frontal attack was no answer to Babur’s superior arrangement of the battle line. Babur’s knowledge of western and Central Asian war tactics and his brilliant leadership proved decisive in his victory. By April 1526 he was in control of Delhi and Agra and held the keys to conquer Hindustan. Babur, however, had yet to encounter any of the several Afghans who held important towns in what is now eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and who were backed by the sultan of Bengal in the east and the Rajputs on the southern borders. The Rajputs under Rana Sanga of Mewar threatened to revive their power in northern India. Babur assigned the unconquered territories to his nobles and led an expedition himself against the rana in person. He crushed the rana’s forces at Khanua, near Fatehpur Sikri (March 1527), once again by means of the skillful positioning of troops. Babur then continued his campaigns to subjugate the Rajputs of Chanderi. When Afghan risings turned him to the east, he had to fight, among others, the joint forces of the Afghans and the sultan of Bengal in 1529 at Ghagra, near Varanasi. Babur won the battles, but the expedition there too, like the one on the southern borders, was left unfinished. Developments in Central Asia and Babur’s failing health forced him to withdraw. He died near Lahore in December 1530. Babur’s Achievements Babur’s brief tenure in Hindustan, spent in wars and in his preoccupation with northwest and Central Asia, did not give him enough time to consolidate fully his conquests in India. Still, discernible in his efforts are the beginnings of the Mughal imperial organization and political culture. He introduced some Central Asian administrative institutions and, significantly, tried to woo the prominent local chiefs. He also established new mints in Lahore and Jaunpur and tried to ensure a safe and secure route from Agra to Kabul. He advised his son and successor, Humayun, to adopt a tolerant religious policy. How to cite Foundation Course in Science and Technology, Essay examples

Who is to blame for slow Katrina response

Introduction The United States military attack on the Middle East received widespread criticisms from all over the world. Human rights activists asserted that the United States concerted efforts on this war reflected the deep-rooted negligence of the important roles a government plays to its citizens. The slow response by the government to the Hurricane Katrina re-ignited criticisms, which is slowly becoming part of the American culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Who is to blame for slow Katrina response? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Who is to blame for the slow response towards the Katrina catastrophe? This paper carries out a research on the criticisms of the United States government on the war on terrorism and disaster response to test the hypothesis that, the former United States president, George Walker Bush, is to blame for the slow response to Hurricane Katrina. Research Method The resea rch will obtain relevant information from scholarly articles and electronic libraries. The study focuses on three areas viz. the opinion polls on war and disaster response by the government, the criticisms of war on terror, and criticisms of disaster response. Based on the opinion polls of the public on the war on terrorism, the research will establish whether the US people supported the government involvement in Middle East. The research will also seek to establish the public view and evaluate several arguments by the critics to the ‘war on terror’ and the disaster response. In order to dispel or justify the stated thesis, the research shall carry out a qualitative evaluation to test the thesis. Findings Criticisms of the Response to the Hurricane Katrina After the devastating Katrina Hurricane that struck the Mexican Gulf and parts of Southern United States, observers, politicians, activists, and public pointed fingers to the government for its slow response to the di saster. The research found that most of the accusations targeted Department of Homeland Security and the President Bush administration for slow response because the research established that the slow response was a result of inadequate leadership within the Department. To demonstrate the DHS’ negligence on this matter, the research established that according to ABC’s Tapper (2005), â€Å"More than 10,000 people died in Katrina Hurricane† (7), whereas DHS reports showed that less than 2,000 people died. The discrepancy could be a result of the DHS slow response to establish the real effect and impact of the Hurricane Katrina. Critics also blame President Bush’s handling of the Southern United States before and after the Katrina. According to public opinion poll carried in September 2005, â€Å"only 38% of the American citizens supported President Bush’s handling of the Katrina disaster† (Tapper 2005, 7). More than 60% of the United States cit izens expressed dissatisfaction by the Bush’s involvement in the issue.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Bush administration had ignored the various warnings issued by scientists, politicians and largely by media. Critics attribute the Bush’s neglect of the disaster to his concentration on the Iraqi invasion. New Orleans experienced understaffing of its military and disaster management officers, approximately by 65% hence; there was insufficient disaster response military. The research found that critics accuse the State of Louisiana for the slow response because Brown (2005) argues that, the state officials â€Å"frustrated the efforts of the federal government and international agencies in providing aid, security, and relief, after the Hurricane Katrina† (60). Due to the limitations of the Posse Comitatus Act, the Federal troops could not provide di rect security to the New Orleans’ citizens, hence slow response. Criticisms of War on Terror by the Bush Government Most critics of the war based their arguments on the morals, economics, ethics, and issues surrounding the American military attack on Iraq and other regions in the Middle East. Legal experts viewed the United States’ military actions in the Middle East as the extreme violation of the international law. In addition, these experts justified that it was against the United Nations’ Security Council for United States to â€Å"invade Middle East, particularly Iraq, without cognitive evidence that the region possessed threat to the peace of the world† (Williamson 2009, 89). The Bush’s remarks of the perpetual war on terrorism exposed his focus on the military activities in Iraq at the expense of the needs of people of United States. As a result, the government did not prepare adequately for the breach of levees after the Hurricane Katrina d espite the perpetual warnings by the experts. Majority of the critics attributed the slow Katrina response to the government’s focus on the military actions in the Arab world. Therefore, Bush was to blame for the slow response to Hurricane Katrina. The research found that the majority of public believed that the government did not involve the public in the decisions of war on terror. Critics further argued that the government neglected the citizens who opposed its actions in Iraq. The media quoted President Bush saying, â€Å"You are either with us or against us† (Taylor 2002, 1). By making such remarks, the president meant to engage whoever opposed his predetermined plans. Critics such as Johns A. Keaney observed that the slow response to the Hurricane Katrina was a means by the government to punish those who opposed its war on terror (Cook 2005, 13).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Who is to blame for slow Katrina response? specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the principle of unilateralism, the United States government attacks in Iraq did not mean to achieve the goals of ‘war on terror’. In fact, it enhanced poverty and undignified livelihoods of the Black American citizens. As a result, the victims’ response to the Hurricane Katrina was slow due to their incapability to move out of the disaster stricken New Orleans state. The war on terrorism created more problems to the people of the United States. Apart from enhancing terrorist attacks to the US citizens, the war on terrorism made even the local officers to neglect their roles to the citizens. Since the president himself had neglected his role to the people, the local officers imitated him. Therefore, it was President Bush to blame for the failure of quick action by the local authorities. According to Brown (2005), if the government had allocated enough funds on disaster preparedness and ma nagement, the DHS would have quickly responded to the Hurricane Katrina (58). Based on the opinion polls that the slow response to Hurricane Katrina because of the government focus on war on terrorism, this research established that majority of the people who lived in the New Orleans blamed the government for their desperate conditions; the level of poverty and poor living conditions in that state. Some linked the neglect by the government to the heavy ‘investment’ the government had made in the war on terrorism. Therefore, it was President Bush to blame for the slow response by the local authorities to the Hurricane Katrina. Opinion polls The research established that 61% of American citizens proposed that the government should reduce the spending in Iraq and invest in reconstruction of the disaster hit New Orleans (Tapper 2005, 7). The opinion polls also revealed that 57% of the citizens had no trust in the government’s provision for relief services in case of terrorist attacks or occurrence of natural disasters. The polls showed that the citizens blamed everyone involved for relief problem during the Katrina disaster; 73% blamed the local government, 61% accused President Bush, 70% blamed the government agencies and 57% accused the Katrina victims.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the Iraqi war, 58% supported withdrawal of the US soldiers from the Middle East, with 77% of the democrats in support of the withdrawal while majority of the Republicans (59%) in opposition of the plan. Generally, the poll findings indicated that over 50% of American did not support the issue of terrorism and blamed the government for slow response to disaster of Hurricane Katrina. Qualitative Analysis The opinion polls bring about an important aspect of the study-the slow response to the Hurricane Katrina has direct link with the President Bush’s war on terrorism. As depicted by the public opinions, the government had allocated many resources for the Iraqi war. The public outcry to the government for reduction of investment in terrorism evidences President Bush’s extensive expenditure on Iraqi war. With 61% of the American citizen accusing Bush for the slow response in the Hurricane Katrina disaster, it is clear that people believed that the government had devoted all its resources for the war on terror. Basing on the criticisms concerning terrorism and disaster response, the government did show partiality in dealing with two issues that affected the lives of Americans. Conclusion In the view of qualitative analysis, President Bush is to blame for the slow response to Katrina because the local government had the upper hand to respond to the Hurricane Katrina before the federal government. On the ‘war on terror’ critics argued that, the victims and the citizens should blame the president for investing too much to the extent of neglecting crucial needs of the Americans. Moreover, the critics argue that the government was too busy in the Iraqi war such that it disregarded the action against the natural disasters. In addition, the government reduction in financing of the disasters such as Hurricane Katrina frustrated the efforts of the local authorities to respond effectively to the disasters. Reference List Brown, Michael D. 2005. H urricane Katrina: the first seven days of America’s worst natural  Disaster. US: Lulu Publishers Cook, Robin S. 2005. The struggle against terrorism cannot be won by military means. London:  The Guardian, July 8. Holmes, Stephen M. 2006. The Torture Debate in America. Greenberg: Cambridge University Press. Kellner, Douglas. 2003. From 9/11 to terror war: the dangers of the Bush legacy. New York: Rawman Littlefield. Meggle, Georg. 2005. Ethics of terrorism counter-terrorism. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag Publishers Peterson, Scott L. 2004. Why the U.S. granted ‘protected’ status to Iranian terrorists. The  Christian Science Monitor 10, (June/July): 130-145. Piszkiewicz, Dennis. 2003. Terrorism’s war with America: a history. US: Greenwood Publishing Group Tapper, Jake. 2005. Amid Katrina Chaos, Congressman Used National Guard to Visit Home and opinion polls. ABC News. September 13. Taylor, Martin S. 2002.With us or against us? Mideast is not that simple. S t. Petersburg Times, May 9. Williamson, Myra. 2009. Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001. US: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. This research paper on Who is to blame for slow Katrina response? was written and submitted by user Ruth Eaton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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